Seasonal Variations in Epistaxis Presentations at a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Epistaxis is a common otolaryngological emergency influenced by environmental, climatic, and patient-related factors. Seasonal trends may assist hospitals in resource planning and preventive care. This retrospective observational study evaluated seasonal patterns of epistaxis presentations at a rural tertiary care hospital. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, probable causes, and treatment approaches were reviewed across all seasons. A higher frequency of epistaxis episodes was observed during colder and drier months, with hypertension, nasal mucosal dryness, and minor trauma representing the most common associated factors. Most patients responded successfully to conservative management, while a smaller proportion required nasal packing or procedural intervention. Understanding seasonal variation may facilitate preventive counseling and improve preparedness in emergency and otolaryngology services.